Colombia

Business days calculator

Count working days in Colombia (no Saturdays, Sundays or holidays)

Between two dates Add business days

Count working days in Colombia (no Saturdays, Sundays or holidays)

This month Next 30 days Until year end +10 business days +15 business days +30 business days

6876

business days

From June 22, 1998 to July 23, 2026

We swapped the dates because “to” was earlier than “from”.

Business day 6876
Weekend 2930
Holidays 453

10259 days in the period

10259

Total days

2930

Weekend

453

Holidays

Holidays in the period

Sacred Heart Mon 22 Jun 1998
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 29 Jun 1998
Independence Day Mon 20 Jul 1998
Battle of Boyacá Fri 7 Aug 1998
Assumption Mon 17 Aug 1998
Columbus Day Mon 12 Oct 1998
All Saints' Day Mon 2 Nov 1998
Cartagena Independence Mon 16 Nov 1998
Immaculate Conception Tue 8 Dec 1998
Christmas Fri 25 Dec 1998
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 1999
Epiphany Mon 11 Jan 1999
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 22 Mar 1999
Maundy Thursday Thu 1 Apr 1999
Good Friday Fri 2 Apr 1999
Labor Day Sat 1 May 1999
Ascension Mon 17 May 1999
Corpus Christi Mon 7 Jun 1999
Sacred Heart Mon 14 Jun 1999
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 5 Jul 1999
Independence Day Tue 20 Jul 1999
Battle of Boyacá Sat 7 Aug 1999
Assumption Mon 16 Aug 1999
Columbus Day Mon 18 Oct 1999
All Saints' Day Mon 1 Nov 1999
Cartagena Independence Mon 15 Nov 1999
Immaculate Conception Wed 8 Dec 1999
Christmas Sat 25 Dec 1999
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2000
Epiphany Mon 10 Jan 2000
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 20 Mar 2000
Maundy Thursday Thu 20 Apr 2000
Good Friday Fri 21 Apr 2000
Labor Day Mon 1 May 2000
Ascension Mon 5 Jun 2000
Corpus Christi Mon 26 Jun 2000
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 3 Jul 2000
Sacred Heart Mon 3 Jul 2000
Independence Day Thu 20 Jul 2000
Battle of Boyacá Mon 7 Aug 2000
Assumption Mon 21 Aug 2000
Columbus Day Mon 16 Oct 2000
All Saints' Day Mon 6 Nov 2000
Cartagena Independence Mon 13 Nov 2000
Immaculate Conception Fri 8 Dec 2000
Christmas Mon 25 Dec 2000
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2001
Epiphany Mon 8 Jan 2001
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 19 Mar 2001
Maundy Thursday Thu 12 Apr 2001
Good Friday Fri 13 Apr 2001
Labor Day Tue 1 May 2001
Ascension Mon 28 May 2001
Corpus Christi Mon 18 Jun 2001
Sacred Heart Mon 25 Jun 2001
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 2 Jul 2001
Independence Day Fri 20 Jul 2001
Battle of Boyacá Tue 7 Aug 2001
Assumption Mon 20 Aug 2001
Columbus Day Mon 15 Oct 2001
All Saints' Day Mon 5 Nov 2001
Cartagena Independence Mon 12 Nov 2001
Immaculate Conception Sat 8 Dec 2001
Christmas Tue 25 Dec 2001
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2002
Epiphany Mon 7 Jan 2002
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 25 Mar 2002
Maundy Thursday Thu 28 Mar 2002
Good Friday Fri 29 Mar 2002
Labor Day Wed 1 May 2002
Ascension Mon 13 May 2002
Corpus Christi Mon 3 Jun 2002
Sacred Heart Mon 10 Jun 2002
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 1 Jul 2002
Independence Day Sat 20 Jul 2002
Battle of Boyacá Wed 7 Aug 2002
Assumption Mon 19 Aug 2002
Columbus Day Mon 14 Oct 2002
All Saints' Day Mon 4 Nov 2002
Cartagena Independence Mon 11 Nov 2002
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 2002
Christmas Wed 25 Dec 2002
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2003
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 2003
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 24 Mar 2003
Maundy Thursday Thu 17 Apr 2003
Good Friday Fri 18 Apr 2003
Labor Day Thu 1 May 2003
Ascension Mon 2 Jun 2003
Corpus Christi Mon 23 Jun 2003
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 30 Jun 2003
Sacred Heart Mon 30 Jun 2003
Independence Day Sun 20 Jul 2003
Battle of Boyacá Thu 7 Aug 2003
Assumption Mon 18 Aug 2003
Columbus Day Mon 13 Oct 2003
All Saints' Day Mon 3 Nov 2003
Cartagena Independence Mon 17 Nov 2003
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 2003
Christmas Thu 25 Dec 2003
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2004
Epiphany Mon 12 Jan 2004
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 22 Mar 2004
Maundy Thursday Thu 8 Apr 2004
Good Friday Fri 9 Apr 2004
Labor Day Sat 1 May 2004
Ascension Mon 24 May 2004
Corpus Christi Mon 14 Jun 2004
Sacred Heart Mon 21 Jun 2004
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 5 Jul 2004
Independence Day Tue 20 Jul 2004
Battle of Boyacá Sat 7 Aug 2004
Assumption Mon 16 Aug 2004
Columbus Day Mon 18 Oct 2004
All Saints' Day Mon 1 Nov 2004
Cartagena Independence Mon 15 Nov 2004
Immaculate Conception Wed 8 Dec 2004
Christmas Sat 25 Dec 2004
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2005
Epiphany Mon 10 Jan 2005
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 21 Mar 2005
Maundy Thursday Thu 24 Mar 2005
Good Friday Fri 25 Mar 2005
Labor Day Sun 1 May 2005
Ascension Mon 9 May 2005
Corpus Christi Mon 30 May 2005
Sacred Heart Mon 6 Jun 2005
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 4 Jul 2005
Independence Day Wed 20 Jul 2005
Battle of Boyacá Sun 7 Aug 2005
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 2005
Columbus Day Mon 17 Oct 2005
All Saints' Day Mon 7 Nov 2005
Cartagena Independence Mon 14 Nov 2005
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 2005
Christmas Sun 25 Dec 2005
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2006
Epiphany Mon 9 Jan 2006
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 20 Mar 2006
Maundy Thursday Thu 13 Apr 2006
Good Friday Fri 14 Apr 2006
Labor Day Mon 1 May 2006
Ascension Mon 29 May 2006
Corpus Christi Mon 19 Jun 2006
Sacred Heart Mon 26 Jun 2006
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 3 Jul 2006
Independence Day Thu 20 Jul 2006
Battle of Boyacá Mon 7 Aug 2006
Assumption Mon 21 Aug 2006
Columbus Day Mon 16 Oct 2006
All Saints' Day Mon 6 Nov 2006
Cartagena Independence Mon 13 Nov 2006
Immaculate Conception Fri 8 Dec 2006
Christmas Mon 25 Dec 2006
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2007
Epiphany Mon 8 Jan 2007
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 19 Mar 2007
Maundy Thursday Thu 5 Apr 2007
Good Friday Fri 6 Apr 2007
Labor Day Tue 1 May 2007
Ascension Mon 21 May 2007
Corpus Christi Mon 11 Jun 2007
Sacred Heart Mon 18 Jun 2007
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 2 Jul 2007
Independence Day Fri 20 Jul 2007
Battle of Boyacá Tue 7 Aug 2007
Assumption Mon 20 Aug 2007
Columbus Day Mon 15 Oct 2007
All Saints' Day Mon 5 Nov 2007
Cartagena Independence Mon 12 Nov 2007
Immaculate Conception Sat 8 Dec 2007
Christmas Tue 25 Dec 2007
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2008
Epiphany Mon 7 Jan 2008
Maundy Thursday Thu 20 Mar 2008
Good Friday Fri 21 Mar 2008
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 24 Mar 2008
Labor Day Thu 1 May 2008
Ascension Mon 5 May 2008
Corpus Christi Mon 26 May 2008
Sacred Heart Mon 2 Jun 2008
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 30 Jun 2008
Independence Day Sun 20 Jul 2008
Battle of Boyacá Thu 7 Aug 2008
Assumption Mon 18 Aug 2008
Columbus Day Mon 13 Oct 2008
All Saints' Day Mon 3 Nov 2008
Cartagena Independence Mon 17 Nov 2008
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 2008
Christmas Thu 25 Dec 2008
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2009
Epiphany Mon 12 Jan 2009
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 23 Mar 2009
Maundy Thursday Thu 9 Apr 2009
Good Friday Fri 10 Apr 2009
Labor Day Fri 1 May 2009
Ascension Mon 25 May 2009
Corpus Christi Mon 15 Jun 2009
Sacred Heart Mon 22 Jun 2009
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 29 Jun 2009
Independence Day Mon 20 Jul 2009
Battle of Boyacá Fri 7 Aug 2009
Assumption Mon 17 Aug 2009
Columbus Day Mon 12 Oct 2009
All Saints' Day Mon 2 Nov 2009
Cartagena Independence Mon 16 Nov 2009
Immaculate Conception Tue 8 Dec 2009
Christmas Fri 25 Dec 2009
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2010
Epiphany Mon 11 Jan 2010
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 22 Mar 2010
Maundy Thursday Thu 1 Apr 2010
Good Friday Fri 2 Apr 2010
Labor Day Sat 1 May 2010
Ascension Mon 17 May 2010
Corpus Christi Mon 7 Jun 2010
Sacred Heart Mon 14 Jun 2010
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 5 Jul 2010
Independence Day Tue 20 Jul 2010
Battle of Boyacá Sat 7 Aug 2010
Assumption Mon 16 Aug 2010
Columbus Day Mon 18 Oct 2010
All Saints' Day Mon 1 Nov 2010
Cartagena Independence Mon 15 Nov 2010
Immaculate Conception Wed 8 Dec 2010
Christmas Sat 25 Dec 2010
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2011
Epiphany Mon 10 Jan 2011
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 21 Mar 2011
Maundy Thursday Thu 21 Apr 2011
Good Friday Fri 22 Apr 2011
Labor Day Sun 1 May 2011
Ascension Mon 6 Jun 2011
Corpus Christi Mon 27 Jun 2011
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 4 Jul 2011
Sacred Heart Mon 4 Jul 2011
Independence Day Wed 20 Jul 2011
Battle of Boyacá Sun 7 Aug 2011
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 2011
Columbus Day Mon 17 Oct 2011
All Saints' Day Mon 7 Nov 2011
Cartagena Independence Mon 14 Nov 2011
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 2011
Christmas Sun 25 Dec 2011
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2012
Epiphany Mon 9 Jan 2012
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 19 Mar 2012
Maundy Thursday Thu 5 Apr 2012
Good Friday Fri 6 Apr 2012
Labor Day Tue 1 May 2012
Ascension Mon 21 May 2012
Corpus Christi Mon 11 Jun 2012
Sacred Heart Mon 18 Jun 2012
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 2 Jul 2012
Independence Day Fri 20 Jul 2012
Battle of Boyacá Tue 7 Aug 2012
Assumption Mon 20 Aug 2012
Columbus Day Mon 15 Oct 2012
All Saints' Day Mon 5 Nov 2012
Cartagena Independence Mon 12 Nov 2012
Immaculate Conception Sat 8 Dec 2012
Christmas Tue 25 Dec 2012
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2013
Epiphany Mon 7 Jan 2013
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 25 Mar 2013
Maundy Thursday Thu 28 Mar 2013
Good Friday Fri 29 Mar 2013
Labor Day Wed 1 May 2013
Ascension Mon 13 May 2013
Corpus Christi Mon 3 Jun 2013
Sacred Heart Mon 10 Jun 2013
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 1 Jul 2013
Independence Day Sat 20 Jul 2013
Battle of Boyacá Wed 7 Aug 2013
Assumption Mon 19 Aug 2013
Columbus Day Mon 14 Oct 2013
All Saints' Day Mon 4 Nov 2013
Cartagena Independence Mon 11 Nov 2013
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 2013
Christmas Wed 25 Dec 2013
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2014
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 2014
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 24 Mar 2014
Maundy Thursday Thu 17 Apr 2014
Good Friday Fri 18 Apr 2014
Labor Day Thu 1 May 2014
Ascension Mon 2 Jun 2014
Corpus Christi Mon 23 Jun 2014
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 30 Jun 2014
Sacred Heart Mon 30 Jun 2014
Independence Day Sun 20 Jul 2014
Battle of Boyacá Thu 7 Aug 2014
Assumption Mon 18 Aug 2014
Columbus Day Mon 13 Oct 2014
All Saints' Day Mon 3 Nov 2014
Cartagena Independence Mon 17 Nov 2014
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 2014
Christmas Thu 25 Dec 2014
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2015
Epiphany Mon 12 Jan 2015
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 23 Mar 2015
Maundy Thursday Thu 2 Apr 2015
Good Friday Fri 3 Apr 2015
Labor Day Fri 1 May 2015
Ascension Mon 18 May 2015
Corpus Christi Mon 8 Jun 2015
Sacred Heart Mon 15 Jun 2015
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 29 Jun 2015
Independence Day Mon 20 Jul 2015
Battle of Boyacá Fri 7 Aug 2015
Assumption Mon 17 Aug 2015
Columbus Day Mon 12 Oct 2015
All Saints' Day Mon 2 Nov 2015
Cartagena Independence Mon 16 Nov 2015
Immaculate Conception Tue 8 Dec 2015
Christmas Fri 25 Dec 2015
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2016
Epiphany Mon 11 Jan 2016
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 21 Mar 2016
Maundy Thursday Thu 24 Mar 2016
Good Friday Fri 25 Mar 2016
Labor Day Sun 1 May 2016
Ascension Mon 9 May 2016
Corpus Christi Mon 30 May 2016
Sacred Heart Mon 6 Jun 2016
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 4 Jul 2016
Independence Day Wed 20 Jul 2016
Battle of Boyacá Sun 7 Aug 2016
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 2016
Columbus Day Mon 17 Oct 2016
All Saints' Day Mon 7 Nov 2016
Cartagena Independence Mon 14 Nov 2016
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 2016
Christmas Sun 25 Dec 2016
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2017
Epiphany Mon 9 Jan 2017
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 20 Mar 2017
Maundy Thursday Thu 13 Apr 2017
Good Friday Fri 14 Apr 2017
Labor Day Mon 1 May 2017
Ascension Mon 29 May 2017
Corpus Christi Mon 19 Jun 2017
Sacred Heart Mon 26 Jun 2017
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 3 Jul 2017
Independence Day Thu 20 Jul 2017
Battle of Boyacá Mon 7 Aug 2017
Assumption Mon 21 Aug 2017
Columbus Day Mon 16 Oct 2017
All Saints' Day Mon 6 Nov 2017
Cartagena Independence Mon 13 Nov 2017
Immaculate Conception Fri 8 Dec 2017
Christmas Mon 25 Dec 2017
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2018
Epiphany Mon 8 Jan 2018
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 19 Mar 2018
Maundy Thursday Thu 29 Mar 2018
Good Friday Fri 30 Mar 2018
Labor Day Tue 1 May 2018
Ascension Mon 14 May 2018
Corpus Christi Mon 4 Jun 2018
Sacred Heart Mon 11 Jun 2018
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 2 Jul 2018
Independence Day Fri 20 Jul 2018
Battle of Boyacá Tue 7 Aug 2018
Assumption Mon 20 Aug 2018
Columbus Day Mon 15 Oct 2018
All Saints' Day Mon 5 Nov 2018
Cartagena Independence Mon 12 Nov 2018
Immaculate Conception Sat 8 Dec 2018
Christmas Tue 25 Dec 2018
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2019
Epiphany Mon 7 Jan 2019
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 25 Mar 2019
Maundy Thursday Thu 18 Apr 2019
Good Friday Fri 19 Apr 2019
Labor Day Wed 1 May 2019
Ascension Mon 3 Jun 2019
Corpus Christi Mon 24 Jun 2019
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 1 Jul 2019
Sacred Heart Mon 1 Jul 2019
Independence Day Sat 20 Jul 2019
Battle of Boyacá Wed 7 Aug 2019
Assumption Mon 19 Aug 2019
Columbus Day Mon 14 Oct 2019
All Saints' Day Mon 4 Nov 2019
Cartagena Independence Mon 11 Nov 2019
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 2019
Christmas Wed 25 Dec 2019
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2020
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 2020
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 23 Mar 2020
Maundy Thursday Thu 9 Apr 2020
Good Friday Fri 10 Apr 2020
Labor Day Fri 1 May 2020
Ascension Mon 25 May 2020
Corpus Christi Mon 15 Jun 2020
Sacred Heart Mon 22 Jun 2020
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 29 Jun 2020
Independence Day Mon 20 Jul 2020
Battle of Boyacá Fri 7 Aug 2020
Assumption Mon 17 Aug 2020
Columbus Day Mon 12 Oct 2020
All Saints' Day Mon 2 Nov 2020
Cartagena Independence Mon 16 Nov 2020
Immaculate Conception Tue 8 Dec 2020
Christmas Fri 25 Dec 2020
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2021
Epiphany Mon 11 Jan 2021
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 22 Mar 2021
Maundy Thursday Thu 1 Apr 2021
Good Friday Fri 2 Apr 2021
Labor Day Sat 1 May 2021
Ascension Mon 17 May 2021
Corpus Christi Mon 7 Jun 2021
Sacred Heart Mon 14 Jun 2021
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 5 Jul 2021
Independence Day Tue 20 Jul 2021
Battle of Boyacá Sat 7 Aug 2021
Assumption Mon 16 Aug 2021
Columbus Day Mon 18 Oct 2021
All Saints' Day Mon 1 Nov 2021
Cartagena Independence Mon 15 Nov 2021
Immaculate Conception Wed 8 Dec 2021
Christmas Sat 25 Dec 2021
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2022
Epiphany Mon 10 Jan 2022
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 21 Mar 2022
Maundy Thursday Thu 14 Apr 2022
Good Friday Fri 15 Apr 2022
Labor Day Sun 1 May 2022
Ascension Mon 30 May 2022
Corpus Christi Mon 20 Jun 2022
Sacred Heart Mon 27 Jun 2022
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 4 Jul 2022
Independence Day Wed 20 Jul 2022
Battle of Boyacá Sun 7 Aug 2022
Assumption Mon 15 Aug 2022
Columbus Day Mon 17 Oct 2022
All Saints' Day Mon 7 Nov 2022
Cartagena Independence Mon 14 Nov 2022
Immaculate Conception Thu 8 Dec 2022
Christmas Sun 25 Dec 2022
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2023
Epiphany Mon 9 Jan 2023
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 20 Mar 2023
Maundy Thursday Thu 6 Apr 2023
Good Friday Fri 7 Apr 2023
Labor Day Mon 1 May 2023
Ascension Mon 22 May 2023
Corpus Christi Mon 12 Jun 2023
Sacred Heart Mon 19 Jun 2023
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 3 Jul 2023
Independence Day Thu 20 Jul 2023
Battle of Boyacá Mon 7 Aug 2023
Assumption Mon 21 Aug 2023
Columbus Day Mon 16 Oct 2023
All Saints' Day Mon 6 Nov 2023
Cartagena Independence Mon 13 Nov 2023
Immaculate Conception Fri 8 Dec 2023
Christmas Mon 25 Dec 2023
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2024
Epiphany Mon 8 Jan 2024
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 25 Mar 2024
Maundy Thursday Thu 28 Mar 2024
Good Friday Fri 29 Mar 2024
Labor Day Wed 1 May 2024
Ascension Mon 13 May 2024
Corpus Christi Mon 3 Jun 2024
Sacred Heart Mon 10 Jun 2024
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 1 Jul 2024
Independence Day Sat 20 Jul 2024
Battle of Boyacá Wed 7 Aug 2024
Assumption Mon 19 Aug 2024
Columbus Day Mon 14 Oct 2024
All Saints' Day Mon 4 Nov 2024
Cartagena Independence Mon 11 Nov 2024
Immaculate Conception Sun 8 Dec 2024
Christmas Wed 25 Dec 2024
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2025
Epiphany Mon 6 Jan 2025
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 24 Mar 2025
Maundy Thursday Thu 17 Apr 2025
Good Friday Fri 18 Apr 2025
Labor Day Thu 1 May 2025
Ascension Mon 2 Jun 2025
Corpus Christi Mon 23 Jun 2025
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 30 Jun 2025
Sacred Heart Mon 30 Jun 2025
Independence Day Sun 20 Jul 2025
Battle of Boyacá Thu 7 Aug 2025
Assumption Mon 18 Aug 2025
Columbus Day Mon 13 Oct 2025
All Saints' Day Mon 3 Nov 2025
Cartagena Independence Mon 17 Nov 2025
Immaculate Conception Mon 8 Dec 2025
Christmas Thu 25 Dec 2025
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2026
Epiphany Mon 12 Jan 2026
Saint Joseph's Day Mon 23 Mar 2026
Maundy Thursday Thu 2 Apr 2026
Good Friday Fri 3 Apr 2026
Labor Day Fri 1 May 2026
Ascension Mon 18 May 2026
Corpus Christi Mon 8 Jun 2026
Sacred Heart Mon 15 Jun 2026
Saints Peter and Paul Mon 29 Jun 2026
Independence Day Mon 20 Jul 2026

Preguntas frecuentes

What counts as a business day?

In CivicCalendar a business day is a Monday–Friday that is not a legal holiday in Colombia. Saturdays and Sundays are not counted.

Is the start day included?

Yes. In “Between two dates” mode both dates are inclusive. In “Add business days”, counting starts on the start date if that date is a business day.

Are regional holidays considered?

National holidays and regional holidays defined for the country are used. If a regional holiday does not apply to your area, the result may differ.

Is this an official calculation?

It is indicative according to current legislation and calendars loaded on the site. For critical legal or labor deadlines, confirm with the relevant rule or authority.