Ireland

Business days calculator

Count working days in Ireland (no Saturdays, Sundays or holidays)

Between two dates Add business days

Count working days in Ireland (no Saturdays, Sundays or holidays)

This month Next 30 days Until year end +10 business days +15 business days +30 business days

11684

business days

From July 25, 2026 to February 6, 2073

Business day 11684
Weekend 4858
Holidays 457

16999 days in the period

16999

Total days

4858

Weekend

457

Holidays

Holidays in the period

August Holiday Mon 3 Aug 2026
October Holiday Mon 26 Oct 2026
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 2026
St. Stephen's Day Sat 26 Dec 2026
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2027
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 1 Feb 2027
Saint Patrick's Day Wed 17 Mar 2027
Good Friday Fri 26 Mar 2027
Easter Monday Mon 29 Mar 2027
May Day Mon 3 May 2027
June Holiday Mon 7 Jun 2027
August Holiday Mon 2 Aug 2027
October Holiday Mon 25 Oct 2027
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 2027
St. Stephen's Day Sun 26 Dec 2027
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2028
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 7 Feb 2028
Saint Patrick's Day Fri 17 Mar 2028
Good Friday Fri 14 Apr 2028
Easter Monday Mon 17 Apr 2028
May Day Mon 1 May 2028
June Holiday Mon 5 Jun 2028
August Holiday Mon 7 Aug 2028
October Holiday Mon 30 Oct 2028
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 2028
St. Stephen's Day Tue 26 Dec 2028
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2029
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 5 Feb 2029
Saint Patrick's Day Sat 17 Mar 2029
Good Friday Fri 30 Mar 2029
Easter Monday Mon 2 Apr 2029
May Day Mon 7 May 2029
June Holiday Mon 4 Jun 2029
August Holiday Mon 6 Aug 2029
October Holiday Mon 29 Oct 2029
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 2029
St. Stephen's Day Wed 26 Dec 2029
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2030
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 4 Feb 2030
Saint Patrick's Day Sun 17 Mar 2030
Good Friday Fri 19 Apr 2030
Easter Monday Mon 22 Apr 2030
May Day Mon 6 May 2030
June Holiday Mon 3 Jun 2030
August Holiday Mon 5 Aug 2030
October Holiday Mon 28 Oct 2030
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 2030
St. Stephen's Day Thu 26 Dec 2030
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2031
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 3 Feb 2031
Saint Patrick's Day Mon 17 Mar 2031
Good Friday Fri 11 Apr 2031
Easter Monday Mon 14 Apr 2031
May Day Mon 5 May 2031
June Holiday Mon 2 Jun 2031
August Holiday Mon 4 Aug 2031
October Holiday Mon 27 Oct 2031
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 2031
St. Stephen's Day Fri 26 Dec 2031
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2032
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 2 Feb 2032
Saint Patrick's Day Wed 17 Mar 2032
Good Friday Fri 26 Mar 2032
Easter Monday Mon 29 Mar 2032
May Day Mon 3 May 2032
June Holiday Mon 7 Jun 2032
August Holiday Mon 2 Aug 2032
October Holiday Mon 25 Oct 2032
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 2032
St. Stephen's Day Sun 26 Dec 2032
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2033
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 7 Feb 2033
Saint Patrick's Day Thu 17 Mar 2033
Good Friday Fri 15 Apr 2033
Easter Monday Mon 18 Apr 2033
May Day Mon 2 May 2033
June Holiday Mon 6 Jun 2033
August Holiday Mon 1 Aug 2033
October Holiday Mon 31 Oct 2033
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 2033
St. Stephen's Day Mon 26 Dec 2033
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2034
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 6 Feb 2034
Saint Patrick's Day Fri 17 Mar 2034
Good Friday Fri 7 Apr 2034
Easter Monday Mon 10 Apr 2034
May Day Mon 1 May 2034
June Holiday Mon 5 Jun 2034
August Holiday Mon 7 Aug 2034
October Holiday Mon 30 Oct 2034
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 2034
St. Stephen's Day Tue 26 Dec 2034
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2035
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 5 Feb 2035
Saint Patrick's Day Sat 17 Mar 2035
Good Friday Fri 23 Mar 2035
Easter Monday Mon 26 Mar 2035
May Day Mon 7 May 2035
June Holiday Mon 4 Jun 2035
August Holiday Mon 6 Aug 2035
October Holiday Mon 29 Oct 2035
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 2035
St. Stephen's Day Wed 26 Dec 2035
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2036
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 4 Feb 2036
Saint Patrick's Day Mon 17 Mar 2036
Good Friday Fri 11 Apr 2036
Easter Monday Mon 14 Apr 2036
May Day Mon 5 May 2036
June Holiday Mon 2 Jun 2036
August Holiday Mon 4 Aug 2036
October Holiday Mon 27 Oct 2036
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 2036
St. Stephen's Day Fri 26 Dec 2036
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2037
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 2 Feb 2037
Saint Patrick's Day Tue 17 Mar 2037
Good Friday Fri 3 Apr 2037
Easter Monday Mon 6 Apr 2037
May Day Mon 4 May 2037
June Holiday Mon 1 Jun 2037
August Holiday Mon 3 Aug 2037
October Holiday Mon 26 Oct 2037
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 2037
St. Stephen's Day Sat 26 Dec 2037
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2038
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 1 Feb 2038
Saint Patrick's Day Wed 17 Mar 2038
Good Friday Fri 23 Apr 2038
Easter Monday Mon 26 Apr 2038
May Day Mon 3 May 2038
June Holiday Mon 7 Jun 2038
August Holiday Mon 2 Aug 2038
October Holiday Mon 25 Oct 2038
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 2038
St. Stephen's Day Sun 26 Dec 2038
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2039
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 7 Feb 2039
Saint Patrick's Day Thu 17 Mar 2039
Good Friday Fri 8 Apr 2039
Easter Monday Mon 11 Apr 2039
May Day Mon 2 May 2039
June Holiday Mon 6 Jun 2039
August Holiday Mon 1 Aug 2039
October Holiday Mon 31 Oct 2039
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 2039
St. Stephen's Day Mon 26 Dec 2039
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2040
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 6 Feb 2040
Saint Patrick's Day Sat 17 Mar 2040
Good Friday Fri 30 Mar 2040
Easter Monday Mon 2 Apr 2040
May Day Mon 7 May 2040
June Holiday Mon 4 Jun 2040
August Holiday Mon 6 Aug 2040
October Holiday Mon 29 Oct 2040
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 2040
St. Stephen's Day Wed 26 Dec 2040
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2041
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 4 Feb 2041
Saint Patrick's Day Sun 17 Mar 2041
Good Friday Fri 19 Apr 2041
Easter Monday Mon 22 Apr 2041
May Day Mon 6 May 2041
June Holiday Mon 3 Jun 2041
August Holiday Mon 5 Aug 2041
October Holiday Mon 28 Oct 2041
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 2041
St. Stephen's Day Thu 26 Dec 2041
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2042
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 3 Feb 2042
Saint Patrick's Day Mon 17 Mar 2042
Good Friday Fri 4 Apr 2042
Easter Monday Mon 7 Apr 2042
May Day Mon 5 May 2042
June Holiday Mon 2 Jun 2042
August Holiday Mon 4 Aug 2042
October Holiday Mon 27 Oct 2042
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 2042
St. Stephen's Day Fri 26 Dec 2042
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2043
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 2 Feb 2043
Saint Patrick's Day Tue 17 Mar 2043
Good Friday Fri 27 Mar 2043
Easter Monday Mon 30 Mar 2043
May Day Mon 4 May 2043
June Holiday Mon 1 Jun 2043
August Holiday Mon 3 Aug 2043
October Holiday Mon 26 Oct 2043
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 2043
St. Stephen's Day Sat 26 Dec 2043
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2044
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 1 Feb 2044
Saint Patrick's Day Thu 17 Mar 2044
Good Friday Fri 15 Apr 2044
Easter Monday Mon 18 Apr 2044
May Day Mon 2 May 2044
June Holiday Mon 6 Jun 2044
August Holiday Mon 1 Aug 2044
October Holiday Mon 31 Oct 2044
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 2044
St. Stephen's Day Mon 26 Dec 2044
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2045
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 6 Feb 2045
Saint Patrick's Day Fri 17 Mar 2045
Good Friday Fri 7 Apr 2045
Easter Monday Mon 10 Apr 2045
May Day Mon 1 May 2045
June Holiday Mon 5 Jun 2045
August Holiday Mon 7 Aug 2045
October Holiday Mon 30 Oct 2045
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 2045
St. Stephen's Day Tue 26 Dec 2045
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2046
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 5 Feb 2046
Saint Patrick's Day Sat 17 Mar 2046
Good Friday Fri 23 Mar 2046
Easter Monday Mon 26 Mar 2046
May Day Mon 7 May 2046
June Holiday Mon 4 Jun 2046
August Holiday Mon 6 Aug 2046
October Holiday Mon 29 Oct 2046
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 2046
St. Stephen's Day Wed 26 Dec 2046
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2047
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 4 Feb 2047
Saint Patrick's Day Sun 17 Mar 2047
Good Friday Fri 12 Apr 2047
Easter Monday Mon 15 Apr 2047
May Day Mon 6 May 2047
June Holiday Mon 3 Jun 2047
August Holiday Mon 5 Aug 2047
October Holiday Mon 28 Oct 2047
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 2047
St. Stephen's Day Thu 26 Dec 2047
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2048
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 3 Feb 2048
Saint Patrick's Day Tue 17 Mar 2048
Good Friday Fri 3 Apr 2048
Easter Monday Mon 6 Apr 2048
May Day Mon 4 May 2048
June Holiday Mon 1 Jun 2048
August Holiday Mon 3 Aug 2048
October Holiday Mon 26 Oct 2048
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 2048
St. Stephen's Day Sat 26 Dec 2048
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2049
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 1 Feb 2049
Saint Patrick's Day Wed 17 Mar 2049
Good Friday Fri 16 Apr 2049
Easter Monday Mon 19 Apr 2049
May Day Mon 3 May 2049
June Holiday Mon 7 Jun 2049
August Holiday Mon 2 Aug 2049
October Holiday Mon 25 Oct 2049
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 2049
St. Stephen's Day Sun 26 Dec 2049
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2050
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 7 Feb 2050
Saint Patrick's Day Thu 17 Mar 2050
Good Friday Fri 8 Apr 2050
Easter Monday Mon 11 Apr 2050
May Day Mon 2 May 2050
June Holiday Mon 6 Jun 2050
August Holiday Mon 1 Aug 2050
October Holiday Mon 31 Oct 2050
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 2050
St. Stephen's Day Mon 26 Dec 2050
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2051
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 6 Feb 2051
Saint Patrick's Day Fri 17 Mar 2051
Good Friday Fri 31 Mar 2051
Easter Monday Mon 3 Apr 2051
May Day Mon 1 May 2051
June Holiday Mon 5 Jun 2051
August Holiday Mon 7 Aug 2051
October Holiday Mon 30 Oct 2051
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 2051
St. Stephen's Day Tue 26 Dec 2051
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2052
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 5 Feb 2052
Saint Patrick's Day Sun 17 Mar 2052
Good Friday Fri 19 Apr 2052
Easter Monday Mon 22 Apr 2052
May Day Mon 6 May 2052
June Holiday Mon 3 Jun 2052
August Holiday Mon 5 Aug 2052
October Holiday Mon 28 Oct 2052
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 2052
St. Stephen's Day Thu 26 Dec 2052
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2053
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 3 Feb 2053
Saint Patrick's Day Mon 17 Mar 2053
Good Friday Fri 4 Apr 2053
Easter Monday Mon 7 Apr 2053
May Day Mon 5 May 2053
June Holiday Mon 2 Jun 2053
August Holiday Mon 4 Aug 2053
October Holiday Mon 27 Oct 2053
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 2053
St. Stephen's Day Fri 26 Dec 2053
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2054
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 2 Feb 2054
Saint Patrick's Day Tue 17 Mar 2054
Good Friday Fri 27 Mar 2054
Easter Monday Mon 30 Mar 2054
May Day Mon 4 May 2054
June Holiday Mon 1 Jun 2054
August Holiday Mon 3 Aug 2054
October Holiday Mon 26 Oct 2054
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 2054
St. Stephen's Day Sat 26 Dec 2054
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2055
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 1 Feb 2055
Saint Patrick's Day Wed 17 Mar 2055
Good Friday Fri 16 Apr 2055
Easter Monday Mon 19 Apr 2055
May Day Mon 3 May 2055
June Holiday Mon 7 Jun 2055
August Holiday Mon 2 Aug 2055
October Holiday Mon 25 Oct 2055
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 2055
St. Stephen's Day Sun 26 Dec 2055
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2056
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 7 Feb 2056
Saint Patrick's Day Fri 17 Mar 2056
Good Friday Fri 31 Mar 2056
Easter Monday Mon 3 Apr 2056
May Day Mon 1 May 2056
June Holiday Mon 5 Jun 2056
August Holiday Mon 7 Aug 2056
October Holiday Mon 30 Oct 2056
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 2056
St. Stephen's Day Tue 26 Dec 2056
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2057
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 5 Feb 2057
Saint Patrick's Day Sat 17 Mar 2057
Good Friday Fri 20 Apr 2057
Easter Monday Mon 23 Apr 2057
May Day Mon 7 May 2057
June Holiday Mon 4 Jun 2057
August Holiday Mon 6 Aug 2057
October Holiday Mon 29 Oct 2057
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 2057
St. Stephen's Day Wed 26 Dec 2057
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2058
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 4 Feb 2058
Saint Patrick's Day Sun 17 Mar 2058
Good Friday Fri 12 Apr 2058
Easter Monday Mon 15 Apr 2058
May Day Mon 6 May 2058
June Holiday Mon 3 Jun 2058
August Holiday Mon 5 Aug 2058
October Holiday Mon 28 Oct 2058
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 2058
St. Stephen's Day Thu 26 Dec 2058
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2059
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 3 Feb 2059
Saint Patrick's Day Mon 17 Mar 2059
Good Friday Fri 28 Mar 2059
Easter Monday Mon 31 Mar 2059
May Day Mon 5 May 2059
June Holiday Mon 2 Jun 2059
August Holiday Mon 4 Aug 2059
October Holiday Mon 27 Oct 2059
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 2059
St. Stephen's Day Fri 26 Dec 2059
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2060
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 2 Feb 2060
Saint Patrick's Day Wed 17 Mar 2060
Good Friday Fri 16 Apr 2060
Easter Monday Mon 19 Apr 2060
May Day Mon 3 May 2060
June Holiday Mon 7 Jun 2060
August Holiday Mon 2 Aug 2060
October Holiday Mon 25 Oct 2060
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 2060
St. Stephen's Day Sun 26 Dec 2060
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2061
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 7 Feb 2061
Saint Patrick's Day Thu 17 Mar 2061
Good Friday Fri 8 Apr 2061
Easter Monday Mon 11 Apr 2061
May Day Mon 2 May 2061
June Holiday Mon 6 Jun 2061
August Holiday Mon 1 Aug 2061
October Holiday Mon 31 Oct 2061
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 2061
St. Stephen's Day Mon 26 Dec 2061
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2062
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 6 Feb 2062
Saint Patrick's Day Fri 17 Mar 2062
Good Friday Fri 24 Mar 2062
Easter Monday Mon 27 Mar 2062
May Day Mon 1 May 2062
June Holiday Mon 5 Jun 2062
August Holiday Mon 7 Aug 2062
October Holiday Mon 30 Oct 2062
Christmas Day Mon 25 Dec 2062
St. Stephen's Day Tue 26 Dec 2062
New Year's Day Mon 1 Jan 2063
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 5 Feb 2063
Saint Patrick's Day Sat 17 Mar 2063
Good Friday Fri 13 Apr 2063
Easter Monday Mon 16 Apr 2063
May Day Mon 7 May 2063
June Holiday Mon 4 Jun 2063
August Holiday Mon 6 Aug 2063
October Holiday Mon 29 Oct 2063
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 2063
St. Stephen's Day Wed 26 Dec 2063
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2064
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 4 Feb 2064
Saint Patrick's Day Mon 17 Mar 2064
Good Friday Fri 4 Apr 2064
Easter Monday Mon 7 Apr 2064
May Day Mon 5 May 2064
June Holiday Mon 2 Jun 2064
August Holiday Mon 4 Aug 2064
October Holiday Mon 27 Oct 2064
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 2064
St. Stephen's Day Fri 26 Dec 2064
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2065
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 2 Feb 2065
Saint Patrick's Day Tue 17 Mar 2065
Good Friday Fri 27 Mar 2065
Easter Monday Mon 30 Mar 2065
May Day Mon 4 May 2065
June Holiday Mon 1 Jun 2065
August Holiday Mon 3 Aug 2065
October Holiday Mon 26 Oct 2065
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 2065
St. Stephen's Day Sat 26 Dec 2065
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2066
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 1 Feb 2066
Saint Patrick's Day Wed 17 Mar 2066
Good Friday Fri 9 Apr 2066
Easter Monday Mon 12 Apr 2066
May Day Mon 3 May 2066
June Holiday Mon 7 Jun 2066
August Holiday Mon 2 Aug 2066
October Holiday Mon 25 Oct 2066
Christmas Day Sat 25 Dec 2066
St. Stephen's Day Sun 26 Dec 2066
New Year's Day Sat 1 Jan 2067
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 7 Feb 2067
Saint Patrick's Day Thu 17 Mar 2067
Good Friday Fri 1 Apr 2067
Easter Monday Mon 4 Apr 2067
May Day Mon 2 May 2067
June Holiday Mon 6 Jun 2067
August Holiday Mon 1 Aug 2067
October Holiday Mon 31 Oct 2067
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 2067
St. Stephen's Day Mon 26 Dec 2067
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2068
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 6 Feb 2068
Saint Patrick's Day Sat 17 Mar 2068
Good Friday Fri 20 Apr 2068
Easter Monday Mon 23 Apr 2068
May Day Mon 7 May 2068
June Holiday Mon 4 Jun 2068
August Holiday Mon 6 Aug 2068
October Holiday Mon 29 Oct 2068
Christmas Day Tue 25 Dec 2068
St. Stephen's Day Wed 26 Dec 2068
New Year's Day Tue 1 Jan 2069
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 4 Feb 2069
Saint Patrick's Day Sun 17 Mar 2069
Good Friday Fri 12 Apr 2069
Easter Monday Mon 15 Apr 2069
May Day Mon 6 May 2069
June Holiday Mon 3 Jun 2069
August Holiday Mon 5 Aug 2069
October Holiday Mon 28 Oct 2069
Christmas Day Wed 25 Dec 2069
St. Stephen's Day Thu 26 Dec 2069
New Year's Day Wed 1 Jan 2070
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 3 Feb 2070
Saint Patrick's Day Mon 17 Mar 2070
Good Friday Fri 28 Mar 2070
Easter Monday Mon 31 Mar 2070
May Day Mon 5 May 2070
June Holiday Mon 2 Jun 2070
August Holiday Mon 4 Aug 2070
October Holiday Mon 27 Oct 2070
Christmas Day Thu 25 Dec 2070
St. Stephen's Day Fri 26 Dec 2070
New Year's Day Thu 1 Jan 2071
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 2 Feb 2071
Saint Patrick's Day Tue 17 Mar 2071
Good Friday Fri 17 Apr 2071
Easter Monday Mon 20 Apr 2071
May Day Mon 4 May 2071
June Holiday Mon 1 Jun 2071
August Holiday Mon 3 Aug 2071
October Holiday Mon 26 Oct 2071
Christmas Day Fri 25 Dec 2071
St. Stephen's Day Sat 26 Dec 2071
New Year's Day Fri 1 Jan 2072
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 1 Feb 2072
Saint Patrick's Day Thu 17 Mar 2072
Good Friday Fri 8 Apr 2072
Easter Monday Mon 11 Apr 2072
May Day Mon 2 May 2072
June Holiday Mon 6 Jun 2072
August Holiday Mon 1 Aug 2072
October Holiday Mon 31 Oct 2072
Christmas Day Sun 25 Dec 2072
St. Stephen's Day Mon 26 Dec 2072
New Year's Day Sun 1 Jan 2073
Saint Brigid's Day Mon 6 Feb 2073

Preguntas frecuentes

What counts as a business day?

In CivicCalendar a business day is a Monday–Friday that is not a legal holiday in Ireland. Saturdays and Sundays are not counted.

Is the start day included?

Yes. In “Between two dates” mode both dates are inclusive. In “Add business days”, counting starts on the start date if that date is a business day.

Are regional holidays considered?

National holidays and regional holidays defined for the country are used. If a regional holiday does not apply to your area, the result may differ.

Is this an official calculation?

It is indicative according to current legislation and calendars loaded on the site. For critical legal or labor deadlines, confirm with the relevant rule or authority.